• Interview | Beijing-Based Artist Duo Chow and Lin

    Interview | Beijing-Based Artist Duo Chow and Lin

    Chow and Lin are an artist duo working on scale across geography and time, connecting complex systems to daily lived experience. The crux of their practice lies in their methodology of statistical, mathematical and research techniques. Their projects are driven by the discursive backgrounds in economics, public policy, media, and these are augmented by exchanges with specialists across disciplines.

    Chow and Lin have exhibited at The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), Arles Les Rencontres De La Photographie, Art Basel Hong Kong, Lahore Biennale, National University of Singapore Museum and the United Nations Conference Centre in Bangkok. Their works are in the permanent collections of MoMA, China Central Academy of Fine Arts Museum, Art Vontobel. They are authors of The Poverty Line (published by Actes Sud and Lars Müller Publishers, 2021) which is in the collections of the MoMA Library, Centre Pompidou Bpi and V&A Museum Library. They are recipients of the Berlin Falling Walls Breakthrough Awards – Science in the Arts (2020), IMPART Art Prize (2022), Global TED Fellows (2024).

    Chow and Lin comprises Stefen Chow (b. 1980) and Huiyi Lin (b. 1980). They are a Singaporean artist duo based in Beijing.

    “The Poverty Line – France 2015” Artwork, 2010 – 2025, Credit: Chow and Lin

    Can you tell us about your background and how you started your artistic journey?

    We started with questions and discussions about society. Lin was originally trained in economics and worked in public policy and market research. Chow was a mountaineer who went into photography and film. Social issues such as poverty and inequality came up as recurring themes in our conversations, combined with observations on travels across developing and developed countries. We began “The Poverty Line” project in 2010 as a collaboration between the two of us, bringing our skills and experiences to discuss what poverty means. We did research on a country’s official poverty line definition, and calculated the monetary amount per person per day. We purchased and took photographs of food choices purchased from the local markets and supermarkets based on the daily food budgets, and the local newspapers of that day.

    We first shared the project with some friends and close contacts, who had mixed reactions. We were confused how something which was objective in methodology would invoke such varied views. Then a curator in Beijing, Jillian Schultz, encouraged us, saying the visual narrative spoke in a contemporary art language but she had not seen anything like this. As we exhibited the project, it developed its own voice to engage and connect. We have since covered 38 countries and territories across 6 continents, over the past 15 years. It has grown into a long-term exploration of social structures, development and food networks, and motivated us to develop other art projects. Part of the project was exhibited at The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in 2023-24, in a collection exhibition “Systems” curated by Paola Antonelli. We observed how the works interacted with visitors coming from different parts of the world. For us, that is the power and beauty of art.

    “The Poverty Line” Installation in “Systems” Exhibition at The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), New York, 2010 – 2025, Photo Credit: Chow and Lin

    What are the main themes or concepts you explore in your work?

    We use a research-based visual approach to examine global phenomenon and their connections to daily lived experience. Time and geography are important factors to accumulate knowledge and uncover insights on how things link or unravel. In showing our works, we often build large installations that allow different distances of viewing. Over the past fifteen years, we have worked on food systems, social structures, big data, sustainability, memory and identity and other issues.

    One of our recent projects, “Even If It Looks Like Grass”, was commissioned for the Lahore Biennale 03 in 2024. The work invited visitors to explore the systems of wheat and data – two elements with extensive networks which have impacted human development since 10,000 years ago and into the future. We used 5,000 pieces of A4 paper printed with satellite images, research publications, news articles, internet information and cultural references, to create a tangible, visually powerful installation in the historic Alhamra Art Centre.

    “Even If It Looks Like Grass” Installation in Alhamra Art Centre, Lahore Biennale 03, Lahore, 2023 – 2025, Photo Credit: Chow and Lin

    Are there any particular mediums you prefer working with? Why?

    We use different visual methods depending on the theme, audience and platform. We started in photography and also work across video, installation and text. The project “Decentralized Value Systems” assembles ready-mades to question our perception of value in the current economic constructs. At our solo exhibition in Beijing this year, we positioned 456 bottles of locally-manufactured “baijiu” alcohol around a single smart phone of the same total value into a grid. We also created a new work, “Blink” using AI generative tools, in collaboration with our Gen Alpha children to contemplate their thought processes and reactions to the technology at this early stage.

    “Decentralized Value Systems” Installation in Chow and Lin Solo Exhibition, Bounded Space Gallery, Beijing, 2021-2025, Photo Credit: Chow and Lin

    What is your creative process like? Do you follow a routine or work spontaneously?

    Our art is driven by questions. We often start from spontaneous wondering about social changes and daily encounters. We talk and inquire, gathering knowledge by moving in and out of the art ecosystem. We conduct research and talk to academic and industry experts to probe the underlying structures and related topics to develop ideas for art projects.

    “Blink” Artwork, 2025, Credit: Chow and Lin

    How do you stay inspired and motivated to create new work?

    We are often inspired by historical and current events, and we weave them into our process and knowledge base. A lot of our work is about the “now”, expanding our own concerns and concerns. Our works are inherently of an interdisciplinary nature, connecting with audiences across different spheres. We have exhibited in art and photography museums and biennales, and also presented at the United Nations, World Economic Forum and TED platforms. We see our art as a platform to create meaningful conversations.

    “The Conversation” Artwork, 2021-2061, Credit: Chow and Lin

    What projects are you currently working on, and what can we expect from you in the future?

    We are working on a forty-year project, “The Conversation”, which started in 2021 and will end in 2061, hopefully. This is a conscious record of our thinking and knowledge living through these times. We are a married couple with two children, and as such, our roles and interactions with each other isn’t just as fellow artists, but as lovers, parents and conversationalists. We have also embarked on a new project related to the structure of food production, distribution, consumption, to build conversations on sustainability and interdependence of our current food systems. We are now in the early stage of research and will create the art works next year.

    Text & photo courtesy of Chow and Lin

    Website: https://www.chowandlin.com/
    Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/chow_and_lin/


  • Interview | Seoul-Based Artist Ha Haengeun

    Interview | Seoul-Based Artist Ha Haengeun

    Ha Haengeun is a Seoul-based contemporary artist whose work explores the boundaries between the visible and the unseen. Through painting and ceramics, she investigates the essence of human existence, relationships, and the fundamental meaning of life. Her practice begins at the threshold where perception meets imagination—where emotion, memory, vitality, and the traces of time interlace to reveal the hidden rhythm of both the inner self and the cosmos.

    For more than fifteen years, Ha has developed a body of work centered on the human face as a site of psychological reflection. Half-closed eyes, translucent layers of color, and subtly flattened surfaces evoke the tension between inner and outer worlds, memory and reality. Since 2019, her parallel engagement with ceramics has deepened her exploration of human fragility—embracing cracks, breaks, and material imperfections as metaphors for resilience and the quiet persistence of life.

    In Ha‘s recent abstract paintings, her focus has shifted toward a more primordial realm—toward a “pre-form” state of perception. Imagining a fetal viewpoint, she visualizes sensations that precede shape or language, portraying the world as a vast, womb-like cosmos where everything is interconnected. This evolution is not a rupture but a continuous unfolding: a transition from the world that is seen to the world that is felt.

    At the core of Ha’s artistic philosophy lies the idea of connection—between past and present, self and world, life and death. For her, art is not a finished product but an ongoing process of reweaving meaning within uncertainty—a way of understanding and loving the world through creation.

    Ha has held more than twenty solo exhibitions and numerous group shows both in Korea and abroad. In her recent works, she continues to expand the language of painting, exploring new ways to embody time, memory, and the subtle sensibilities of human connection.

    My Table – Still Life, 2025, Acrylic on canvas, 60.6 x 60.6 cm

    Can you tell us about your background and how you started your artistic journey?

    I spent my early childhood on a small island called Jindo in the southern part of Korea, where I lived until the age of seven. At that time, I felt I existed within nature, not apart from it. Behind my house was a mountain; my days were filled with running through fields and forests. When my family moved to Seoul, I could no longer play freely outdoors. Instead, I began to make and draw the things I longed for—and that became another kind of nature within me.

    A friend encouraged me to enter an art high school, and naturally I went on to art college. Yet even then, I never thought of becoming an “artist” in a professional sense. My real curiosity was about life itself—its beginnings and its ends, its suffering and beauty. I read Zhuangzi, Buddhist philosophy, Wittgenstein, Nietzsche, and Indian mysticism, seeking answers to the question: How should one live?

    Eventually, I realized there were no absolute answers—only personal stories told in different forms. I came to understand that art is one such form: a way of expressing one’s own questions through one’s chosen way of life.

    For me, living itself is a creative act. Observing the world carefully, choosing the values that make me want to live, and shaping a life around them—this is both an act of responsibility and of self-creation. Among all human pursuits, I believe art is the most beautiful form of such creation. That was how my artistic journey began, and it continues today as a visual exploration of questions that rise from within me: existence, relationship, and the meaning of life itself.

    My Table – Still Life, 2025, Acrylic on linen, 116.8 x 91 cm

    What are the main themes or concepts you explore in your work?
    My work begins with questions that emerge from human life—loss, pain, death, love, hope, and freedom.
    “Who am I?”
    “What is the meaning of life, knowing it will end?”
    “Why is the world so full of contradictions?”

    Human beings live in a world of dualities: memory and reality, inner and outer, love and hate. I try to look at that world and find an artistic language from within my own inner landscape.

    I love humanity deeply—and because of that, I often suffer. In one part of the world, people destroy each other, while elsewhere, others struggle to save a single life. My heart shifts between anger and compassion, hatred and forgiveness. How can such opposing feelings coexist within one human being?

    In my early twenties, I lost my sense of meaning, yet even in despair, I felt a strong will to live. It was as if the traces of love, courage, and hope from previous generations were being reborn within me.

    For me, art is an act of believing in connection and possibility.

    Creating means enduring uncertainty and ambiguity, yet choosing to keep weaving meaning—to reconnect what has been broken and to discover new possibilities. Art is not my way of escaping the world, but of understanding and loving it.

    Recently, I have returned to the origin of human existence through the series When I Was in My Mother’s Womb. It imagines a pre-linguistic space where emotions and memories begin—a primordial state where light and shadow first converse. I see this as a “cosmic womb,” a vast interconnected web in which all life continually emerges and disappears. Through painting, I explore that world— the origin of perception and the hidden truth beneath the visible

    When I Was in My Mother’s Womb, 2025, Acrylic on linen, 45.5 x 45.5 cm

    How has your artistic style evolved over time?

    The question that has guided me for years is: How can painting expand the boundaries of perception and reveal new ways of seeing the world?

    For more than fifteen years, I have focused primarily on figurative painting, using the human face as a symbolic surface to reflect universal emotions—identity, vulnerability, and the traces of relationships. During the years I spent mostly at home raising my children, I became deeply engaged with memory, reality, and the imagination, which naturally expanded my vision toward objects and landscapes.

    More recently, my focus has shifted toward a more primal state—the realm of sensation before form. This shift arose from a desire to return to the beginning, to imagine the world from a fetal perspective. My exploration of ceramics over the past seven years has deepened this transformation. Through clay’s cracks, textures, and colors, I experienced a world of abstract expression where lines, points, and planes flow like breath. I discovered that what is invisible—emotion, memory, vitality, and connection—often becomes clearer through abstraction.

    This change was not a rupture but a continuous evolution—a movement from the visible to the felt, from the surface of form to the depth of sensation.

    Inner Cosmos, 2025, Acrylic on linen, 70 cm Diameter

    What challenges have you faced as an artist, and how have you overcome them?

    I often face the truth that I don’t fully know who I am—or what the world is. That also means I don’t always know what I want to paint. But I’ve come to accept that not knowing is an essential part of being human. We cannot escape uncertainty; we can only learn to live with it.

    If we can love the world, we can begin to see it differently—to resist habitual ways of seeing. To love is to observe without judgment. And in doing so, we can reconnect things that seem separate, creating something that didn’t exist before.

    During my process, there are moments of small revelation—when I glimpse and understand a piece of my own inner self. Those moments make me feel alive. Paradoxically, the very uncertainty that challenges me also sustains me. My greatest struggle has been not to lose meaning in the midst of that uncertainty. Yet even in those moments, I search for faint glimmers of possibility. I don’t avoid failure, chance, or imperfection—I accept them. Through them, I continue to paint and shape forms, connecting broken threads again and again.

    In this process, I’ve come to realize that art is not a finished product, but a way of reweaving meaning—a way of being in the world.

    Inner Landscape, 2025, Acrylic on linen, 40.9 x 31.8 cm

    How do you balance artistic integrity with commercial considerations, if applicable?

    For me, artistic integrity means staying true to the questions that first led me to create—questions about life, death, and impermanence. Even when commercial factors enter the picture, I never allow them to dictate the direction of my work.

    Art, for me, is an act of listening—listening to the quiet voices that connect time, material, and the world around me. If my work reaches others and finds a place in the world, I see that as a form of dialogue. What matters most is to remain honest to that inner voice, even when faced with external expectations.

    Inner Landscape, 2025, Acrylic on linen, 40.9 x 31.8 cm

    Can you describe a recent project or artwork that you are particularly proud of?

    In my recent paintings, I explore art as a possibility for life itself. My desire to reach the unseen led me to imagine “the world before birth,” which evolved into the series When I Was in My Mother’s Womb.

    In my earlier figurative works, newborns often appeared as beings still connected to that unknown realm before birth. But as I began to embrace abstraction, I felt as if I had crossed into another dimension—a landscape of first perception, where all existence is connected.

    From that realization came the series Inner Cosmos. In When I Was in My Mother’s Womb, I imagined the light felt within the darkness of the womb. In Inner Cosmos, I layered the memory of light filtering through a door crack in a dark room—an image that mirrors the sense of safety and mystery I associate with the womb’s inner light.

    Through these abstract expressions, I feel I have come closer to articulating the “sensation of the unseen.” These series represent a continuous expansion of my inner world—a journey to understand how existence and the cosmos are intimately connected.

    Text & photo courtesy of Ha Haengeun

    Website: http://hahaengeun.com/
    Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/hahaengeun/


  • Interview | Hong Kong-based Artist Carroll CW Tsang

    Interview | Hong Kong-based Artist Carroll CW Tsang

    Carroll CW Tsang (b.1965, Hong Kong) holds the Visual Art Intelligence Professional Certificate (DALA Decoupage South Africa), the Deco Clay Craft Academy Deco Clay Instructor Certificate from Japan, and the Certificate as Zentangle Teacher awarded by the Chinese Zentangle Association CZA. Member of the Hong Kong Artists Association and the Steering Committee of BIEAF (Busan International Environment Art Festival).

    By slowly and repetitively painting with a calligraphy brush on paper, Carroll finds her own rhythm — one that feels as calming and natural as the rhythm in music. Each stroke is allowed to unfold at its own pace, and within these gradually formed marks, one can sense the heart unfolding as well.

    The focus shifts to the tip of the brush; with every stroke, an inner self is revealed. This quiet, meditative process has been Carroll’s daily practice since 2018. Through it, she gently unwinds her emotions, connects with her feelings and thoughts, and re-establishes a sense of contact with her inner world — arriving at a place of safety, fulfilment, and self-understanding.

    Ink Rhyme, Golden Blossoms.Quietly Blooming Heartlight, 2025, Ink and color on rice paper, 125 x 120 cm, Courtesy of the artist

    Can you tell us about your background and how you started your artistic journey?

    I was born on a quiet island called Peng Chau, where life was relatively simple. Being one of several siblings and the eldest daughter, I had to help with household chores and contribute to the family income. There were many small workshops (commonly known as “mountain factories”) on the island. During school breaks and summer vacations, my mother would find jobs for me, like painting designs on porcelain, sewing gloves and shoes, or weaving rattan baskets after finishing my homework. Most of these tasks involved repetitive work. As a result, I developed a certain familiarity with and perhaps even an irresistible connection to repetitive labor, shaped by my living environment. While other children went out to play, I was helping support the family.

    Perhaps because of this, I gradually developed the habit of engaging in self-dialogue and often observed the interactions between adults, which sparked a deep interest in the subtle and complex relationships between people. As I grew older, I became increasingly aware that people’s outward appearances often differ from their inner selves. They might seem happy on the surface, but behave differently when no one is watching.

    This intrigued me, and I found myself constantly observing how people express themselves. Having been exposed to a variety of materials from a young age, I believe that experience has greatly benefited my artistic career. Whether through painting, mixed media, or installation art, these have become my primary modes of creative expression. I continually explore and practice ways to integrate my personal experiences, emotions, and observations of society into my work.

    Ink in Flow.Contemplation in the Circle, 2021, Ink and color on rice paper, 200 x 200 cm, Courtesy of the artist

    What are the main themes or concepts you explore in your work?

    My work typically revolves around several core themes, including inner emotions, human nature, interpersonal relationships, and identity. These themes are closely tied to internal and spiritual states. These subjects stem from my ongoing exploration of inner tension, emotional flow, societal imprints, spiritual awareness, and energetic connections. I aim to visually represent those subtle yet universal feelings found in everyday life through painting, text, and spatial installations, hoping to evoke resonance or reflection in the viewer.

    My creations often originate from personal experiences, but I also strive to connect them to broader social contexts. Whether through figurative or abstract expressions, I hope my works can serve as a bridge, linking the individual and the collective, the past and the present, the inner world and the external reality.

    Ink in Flow.Layered Mandala Realm, 2025, Ink and color on rice paper, 34 x 46 cm, Courtesy of the artist

    How has your artistic style evolved over time?

    My artistic creation has always centered around spiritual healing. As I’ve accumulated more personal experiences and continuously explored artistic language and forms of expression, this direction has become clearer and more profound. In the early stages, I focused on learning basic painting techniques and attending mind-body-spirit courses. As my studies deepened, I gradually realized that form itself is not the ultimate goal, it is a vessel for conveying thoughts and emotions. While studying singing bowl therapy, I began contemplating how to use different mediums and forms to express complex inner emotions and observations of societal phenomena. Now, I place greater emphasis on the interaction between the viewer and the artwork. My style may be more free and diverse, but it always remains centered on the core question: “How can I express myself more authentically in this era?”

    Blooms on the weapon, 2023, Ink and color on rice paper, 100 x 150 cm (each) , Courtesy of the artist

    How do you stay inspired and motivated to create new work?

    My inspiration often comes from the subtle details of daily life, perhaps a brief exchange or conflict between people. I’m frequently moved by seemingly ordinary moments that are charged with tension. Beyond everyday life, I also draw nourishment from psychology, films, and the works of other artists. I enjoy reading and observing, especially content that provokes thoughts about human existence, emotions, and relationships. Conversations with others, especially fellow artists, friends, or audiences, often offer me new perspectives. Each creative process is, for me, an exploration and a dialogue with myself. That sense of the unknown and the possibilities it brings is what keeps my passion for creating alive.

    Ink in Flow.Visions of the Heart, 2021, Ink and color on rice paper, 200 x 200 cm, Courtesy of the artist

    How do your personal experiences and identity influence your art?

    My personal experiences and sense of identity have largely shaped my creative perspective and mode of expression. As someone who played a caregiving and contributing role within my family, I often unconsciously bring these backgrounds into my work. Having grown up without the freedom and playtime that most children enjoy, I often had to contribute to the family’s finances. While other kids were outside playing, I stayed home weaving rattan baskets to help make ends meet. Those solitary hours gave me a keen sensitivity to loneliness and space.

    These experiences have made me more attuned to the relationship between individuals and their environment, one’s position within a group, and the tension between societal expectations and self-identity. My identity is both the starting point of my creation and the subject I continually reflect upon and seek to transcend. I hope that through my work, I can not only express myself but also allow viewers to see reflections of their own lives.

    Ink in Flow.Flowing Order, 2021, Ink and color on rice paper, 80 x 80 cm, Courtesy of the artist

    What do you hope people take away from your art when they experience it?

    I hope that when audiences engage with my work, they don’t merely “see” it, but also “feel” and “think.” I don’t aim for my pieces to have definitive answers. Instead, I hope they become open spaces that invite viewers to bring in their own experiences, emotions, and ideas. Perhaps they will find a hint of resonance in the work—about memory, loneliness, desire, belonging, or a re-examination of daily life. Or maybe they will be touched by a specific detail, a certain color, or a particular atmosphere, sparking an inner dialogue. My wish is for art to establish a subtle connection between people, allowing us to find moments of stillness, resonance, or inspiration in our fast-paced, high-pressure lives. Even if it’s just a brief pause—to feel, to question, to imagine. I believe that is the essence of art.

    Text & photo courtesy of Carroll CW Tsang

    Website: www.carrollarto.com
    Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/carrollarto/


  • Interview | Beijing-Based Artist Tang Guozhi

    Interview | Beijing-Based Artist Tang Guozhi

    Tang Guozhi was born in Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province, China, and currently lives and works in Beijing. His practice spans easel painting, installation, and video, focusing on the discovery and reconfiguration of everyday objects. He emphasizes the relationship between people, objects, and the world to achieve coexistence in content and balance in expression. His work delves into spirituality and multidimensional exploration, striving to construct a will to survive while reflecting on living beings, the natural world, and social judgments. He remains committed to intuition, freedom, and the pursuit of greater possibilities, demonstrating a distinctly experimental approach. Tang has received awards including the GAMMA Young Artist of the Year Award, among other domestic and international honors. His works have been exhibited in China, the United Kingdom, Italy, South Korea, France, and other countries, at venues such as Hubei Museum of Art, Shanghai Duolun Museum of Modern Art, Shanghai Himalayas Museum, Liu Haisu Art Museum, Tai Art Center in Shanghai, Moahk Rotary Hall at Yonsei University in South Korea, and PIFO Gallery in Beijing.

    Exhibition Site of the Old World Rebirth (Alien, Energy Forms, 27, 38), 2025, Propylene, iron, stainless steel products, gypsum, plastic products, Variable
    size

    Can you tell us about your background and how you started your artistic journey?

    I was born in a small town in Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province, China. Since childhood, I loved scribbling on various furniture, books, textbooks, and walls, which planted the seed of my deep love for drawing. I began learning to draw in middle school, and later moved between several cities in China, constantly working, living, and pursuing my artistic dreams. In the artistic atmosphere of Beijing, I started my artistic creation at the age of around my thirties; by then, I realized that art is not just about beauty. “Art,” as the meaning of my life and the driving force for my survival, holds many possibilities. Today, my work involves deconstructing and
    reconstructing things, which aligns perfectly with the initial motivations and innocence from my childhood.

    Exhibition Site of the Old World Rebirth (Alien, Energy Forms, 27, 38), 2025, Propylene, iron, stainless steel products, gypsum, plastic products, Variable
    size

    What are the main themes or concepts you explore in your work?

    Actually, I believe that artistic creation is not limited to one fixed theme. Different stages bring different changes and expressions. I often use flatness, space, volume, and focus on the discovery and recombination of natural and everyday objects, emphasizing the relationship between people, things, and the world to achieve coexistence in content and balance in language. I also pay attention to spiritual and multidimensional research and exploration. I Attempting to construct the will to survive, as well as an understanding of life forms, The natural world, and social judgments. I remain committed to intuition, freedom, and the exploration
    of more possibilities. I use authenticity and the scale of time to transcend space and time, breaking through imagination.

    Old World Rebirth – Different kind of space ON.2, 2023, Propylene, iron, sheep bones, plastic products, Diameter 62 x 23 cm

    How do you stay inspired and motivated to create new work?

    I believe inspiration comes from the experiences and learnings of the creator over the years, which spark collisions of ideas. It also comes from repeatedly switching between production and deep thinking (for example: I enjoy finding comfort and inspiration through the disassembly and recombination between objects and elements, often trial and error, producing new ideas and unexpected surprises. When I cannot create, I pause to learn, walk around, and observe, reflecting deeply). This helps me find a channel and way to understand and observe the relationship between myself, things, and the world.

    I have been creating for more than 10 years. In the first five years, I tried various methods in materials, painting, installations, etc., to find direction. In 2014, I established the method of “Squeezing materials into dot-like forms and then piling them up to shape” and, through accumulated time, created a life experience where people and objects merge. Over time, I transitioned to combining and recombining natural and found objects to express my understanding and exploration of the relationship between people, objects, society, and the world. It became a process of both internal and external exploration and construction, with a certain level of social narrative.

    In the last five years, I have shifted toward dissolving the intent and fixed attributes of materials, breaking through various barriers and mental constraints. I aim to awaken the subconscious and intuition within, allowing the relationship between people, objects, and the world to become freer, more harmonious, and generate more possibilities. At the same time, I embed my spirit and emotions into materials and into the act of making—across time and space—allowing the work to arrive at its own internal coherence, freedom, self-consistent and a heightened unity. However, as an artist, I still need to seek out variable experiences in life to generate new motivation and actively switch to proceed.

    Old World Rebirth – Different kind of space ON.3, 2023, Propylene, iron, plastic products, Diameter 62 x 22 cm

    Are there any particular mediums you prefer working with? Why?

    My creative method mainly involves the combination and recombination of “Squeezing materials into dot-like forms and then piling them up to shape” (oil or acrylic materials) with natural objects and found objects. So, I wouldn’t say I have a particular preference for one specific medium. Of course, the creation is often limited by the compatibility of various materials. Currently, I often use plastic products and acrylic paints, as the weight and quality constraints of certain materials limit my choices. But I still believe that any material that resonates and unites with me, or that creates an unexpected surprise, is something I will use.

    Old World Rebirth – Different kind of space ON.7, 2023, Propylene, iron, plastic products, Diameter 70 x 27 cm

    What challenges have you faced as an artist, and how have you overcome them?

    Frankly, both humans and artists often face numerous challenges, which is normal. In fact, from my early days of learning art, I was constrained by objective conditions, facing difficulties in my education and the path of self-creation. I often had to balance the pressures of economics and creation itself, which is a common situation for most artists. However, the most difficult part is the creation itself. My work involves integrating various materials and elements, which requires research into the qualities and attributes, as well as the logical coherence of the ideas. As I mentioned before, it involves a lot of trial and error and consuming a significant amount of time and energy to discover whether things can fit together in unity. It requires patience, persistence, love, and courage to continue on the path I believe in.

    During this time, I in the process of creating experienced a significant injury that changed my life habits and perspectives.it became an important milestone in my life journey. These objective experiences have shaped the meaning of my life and creation. Currently, I still have many creative plans, but due to financial and spatial limitations, they have not been realized yet. I look forward to future opportunities to present them.

    Old World Rebirth – Different kind of space, 2023-2024, Acrylic, iron, wood, porcelain, stainless steel, plastic products, etc., Diameter 60 x 20 cm to 70 x 28 cm (9 pieces in total) with adjustable overall size, Theme exhibition of Shanghai Auto Culture Festival – Exhibition site at Tai Art Center

    What role do you believe art plays in social and cultural change?

    As one of humanity’s spiritual needs and cultural nourishment, I believe art is indispensable. Art has a mysterious power to cross time and space — changing people’s understanding of the present and way of living, elevating aesthetics and thoughts. It is like a ego process of dialectics, acceptance, faith, and metamorphosis within a human being. Art bridges the past and the future, and it carries significant social meaning.

    Text & photo courtesy of Tang Guozhi

    Website: https://foundwork.art/artists/10
    Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/tangy212/


  • Interview | Bandung-Based Artist Mira Rizki

    Interview | Bandung-Based Artist Mira Rizki

    Mira Rizki (b.1994, Bandung, Indonesia) is a multidisciplinary artist working with sound and interactive components based in Bandung, Indonesia. Sensitive to the shape and perception of sound, she explores how different backgrounds, environments, and memories shape our auditory experiences. Her work highlights how each person perceives sound uniquely, often experimenting with aural memory and soundscapes to create immersive compositions. She is involved in several exhibitions, such as “Menggodam” at Ilham Gallery [Kuala Lumpur] 2025, Indonesia Pavilion at Gwangju Biennale 2024 (as a contributor artist) and “Walking Wandering” 2023 at Asia Culture Center (ACC) [Gwangju], “Present Continuous” at MACAN museum [Jakarta] 2021, “RRRAWRRR!!! 2022: ARUS” – Maybank’s Southeast Asian Emerging Women Artist Exhibition at Maybank Virtual Art Gallery [Kuala Lumpur] 2022, “There is No Center” at ROH Project [Jakarta] 2025 and “Bandung Contemporary Art Award #6” at Lawangwangi Creative Space [Bandung] 2019. She also had her residencies and exhibitions at Aomori Contemporary Art Centre (ACAC) in Aomori [Japan] 2019, and Barim in Gwangju [South Korea] 2023.

    She graduated from Bandung Institute of Technology, Intermedia Art Studio, and had her exchange program at Hochschule für Bildende Künste Braunschweig.

    Bengap dalam Senyap (Muffled in Silence), 2025, Aluminium cans, aluminium wires, petroleum drum, safe, ammunition box, aluminium boiler, speaker, Variable dimensions

    Can you tell us about your background and how you started your artistic journey?

    I was born and grew up in Bandung, Indonesia. Since I was a little kid, I was introduced to art through drawing by my father, even though no one in the family has an art background (most of them are economists and ulama—Islamic scholars). I pursued my drawing skills during my teenage years, while having a band with some friends. I just realized that I like to play music too. Once I had a dream to become a rock star, hehe.

    Until I began to study at Bandung Institute of Technology in the Faculty of Art and Design, I enrolled as an Intermedia Art student. At college, I met lots of amazing art students, and one of them who inspired me the most to become a sound artist was Etza Meisyara (an Indonesian Artist). She showed me how to involve music as part of the sound in visual artworks. It was really nice to know that I can work with both of my two favorite practices, visual art and music (later I more recognize it as sound).

    Then I began to get to know and understand this medium further. I tried to embrace sound by articulating my thoughts through sound installations, sound sculptures, conceptual works, and even my experimental band with its sound performances. I started to feel that sound is capable of transmitting my ideas in a genuine way.

    In the process of being consistent as an artist, I felt I wavered. I have to be realistic to survive myself and my family, I couldn’t depend only on my art practice to fulfill our financial needs. Especially, becoming an artist who mainly works with sound in Indonesia is not easy to penetrate the art scene. So I have to do other work like teaching kids to draw, become the lecturer’s assistant at my college, until I start to do the office work for the film and game industry in Jakarta, while doing my art practice on the weekends. I manage to keep consistent with my art practice even though I have to do 9-6 office work and sometimes become overwhelmed, but I enjoy it. I started to feel that I work not only for survival needs but also for my art. It is worth doing.

    Early this year, I just resigned from my office work because the company was collapsing, so I braced myself to focus on my art practice. Now, I feel grateful to find a ‘quiet path’ to evolve and focus more on my artistic career. I thought I wanted to chase my dream of becoming fully dedicated as an artist.

    Denting dalam Bising (Clink in the Noise), 2017, Aluminium tins, stainless wires, metal pipes, metal gears, motorcycle wheel, 12.8 x 12.8 x 1.85 m

    How do you stay inspired and motivated to create new work?

    I used to do a grounding process, where I could feel like I really lived in the moment, observing tiny things, and playing around in my everyday life. I also love walking around in a new place, like in a city that I visit. I try to explore places that might be interesting to be ‘present’ there. Recently, I was moving from one place to another for work, and I treated that moment just like an artist residency. I tend to be very curious to visit unique yet peculiar places.

    I used to interact with the local people, and sometimes some of them don’t hesitate to share their personal stories with me. I understand that basically, people want to be heard. I always bring my sketch book, cellphone, and recorder to record any experience and thoughts that I obtain from the visit. I am positioning myself as a newcomer and always want to know what’s happening. This helps me a lot to be more sensitive and aware to absorb any inspiration from my surroundings and convey it through the artwork.

    Sometimes, people see me strangely while doing this. They would like to talk to me and have a conversation with me, because they are curious. And it helps me to collect some data that I need for my artwork.

    Main, 2017 – present, Aluminium baking tins, metal pipe clamps, stainless wire, piezoelectric microphones, sound systems, aluminium plates, and specific-site sands, Variable dimensions

    Are there any particular mediums you prefer working with? Why?

    I love to work with sound! Regarding its physical form or the conceptual idea about it, and its nature as an impermanent element. I found it special, because it is intangible at the surface, but it has a lot to tell as we go deeper. By sound, I have the authority to imagine what is happening in my mind, it is very mutable for everyone. It depends on how people perceive with their own backgrounds, situations, and stimuli. Moreover, sound becomes a sign of something that is present and happening to me.

    I have an interest in exposing the mechanical and physical way the sound is created. This encourages me to know the characteristics of the materials and techniques to produce the sound.

    Menjejak Jejak (Retracing the Traces), 2025, Soils, found objects, and sound systems, Variables dimensions

    What challenges have you faced as an artist, and how have you overcome them?

    For me personally, being surrounded by too much stimulation sometimes makes me overwhelmed, especially with the political, economic, and social situation in Indonesia nowadays. I need to choose my path really carefully by educating myself, and know how I am supposed to communicate through my artistic practice. Sometimes I take a break just to clear my mind and emotions. But creating art will always be my escape plan to express my idea without speaking of it directly. 

    Another realistic challenge is to be sustainable to keep creating art while you have another job to manage. When I was a salaried woman in a company, I spent my weekends and leave days on my art practice. I was amazingly exhausted, but I love it. I feel like stepping into another stage of being an artist. So I keep motivated to be better at managing my professions. Even after I resigned from my office, I still need to do some freelance jobs, and I have gotten used to managing my time and being effective. Also, working in other disciplines has broadened my perspective beyond just being an artist. It was a valuable experience. I never regret it.

    Napak Tilas, 2023, Jakarta & Gwangju urban sounds, found domestic cardboards, and sound systems, Variables dimensions, Images by Asia Culture Center Gwangju

    How do you approach exhibiting your work? What are your goals when showing your art in public spaces?

    I understand that my piece in any exhibition space is always gonna involve the other intangible aspects, such as the artistic experience of the audience on site, the site situation, and the effects that might be generated when the piece interacts with the site. I always strive to make my piece respond to its space beyond acoustic space and sonic experience; the narratives are always embedded in their artistic experience within the artwork space.

    I tend to configure my piece in the public space to ignite any critical thoughts of the audience regarding the space and moment of my idea, and what they perceive. I am aware that a space has its own narrative layers, and that element will create more dialogue with my piece and the point of view from the audience when they perceive the artwork.

    Mini Set, 2019, Mini 4WD gears, tyres, chassis, motor, AA batteries, cutting mat, nails, and teak blocks, 15 x 15 x 15 cm

    What do you hope people take away from your art when they experience it?

    I just want them to be ‘present’, aware that we have a limited time to experience something. I want them to acknowledge a new perspective from my piece regarding the context of space and the process that they have been through when they immerse themselves in the artwork. I hope their artistic experience can help them to reflect on themself from what they encounter during the perceiving process.  I wonder if the impermanent sound that amplified in the piece will echo in their conversation even when they leave the exhibition space.

    Text & photo courtesy of Mira Rizki

    Photo credit: Yudha Kusuma Putera

    Website: https://mirarizkik.me/
    Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/mirarizkik/


  • Interview | Tianjin-Based Artist Fan Huaxiao

    Interview | Tianjin-Based Artist Fan Huaxiao

    Fan Huaxiao was born in Hebei Province in 1999 and graduated from Shandong University with a bachelor’s degree in 2021.Graduated with a master’s degree from Tianjin Academy of Fine Arts in 2024, currently working and studying in Tianjin.

    Fan’s exhibitions include the solo exhibition “A haven of tenderness” at BLANK gallery, Shanghai (2025), and the group exhibitions “Memory” at BLANK gallery, Shanghai (2024), “Touchable Fiction” at Click Ten, Beijing (2024), “Primordial Dream” at BLANK gallery, Tokyo (2023), “Unrest and Keeping Afloat” at Cheng Center for Contemporary, Beijing (2023), “Clayiness Blaze” at Hunsand Space, Hangzhou (2023), and “Land space Painting” at Hunsand Space, Shijiazhuang (2022).

    Present, 2024, Oil on canvas, 60 x 70 cm

    Can you tell us about your background and how you started your artistic journey?

    Since childhood, I have harbored a profound interest in painting, though initially, it was not pursued through formal education but rather as a casual pastime to alleviate boredom. Due to my parents’ demanding work schedules, I was often placed in a childcare facility after school, where I was exposed to a variety of visually stimulating works, including pirated DVDs and obscure comics, alongside older children. Influenced by European, American, and Japanese animation and film, I began to sketch intriguing elements from these works, often indulging in spontaneous doodling—even during class. This early engagement with art has ingrained a muscle memory that persists to this day. It wasn’t until university that I encountered several visionary professors who provided pivotal artistic insights and broadened my perspective, solidifying my commitment to pursuing art.

    Fertility and Carnival, 2024, Oil on canvas, 100 x 120 cm

    What are the main themes or concepts you explore in your work?

    Certain motifs draw inspiration from 16th- and 17th-century Dutch still lifes, particularly their depictions of decaying food and dilapidated scenes, as well as from mystical-themed films and television works. These elements carry a moral message about the emptiness of reality and serve as a warning about its inevitable decay. While this may sound grandiose, careful reflection reveals that nothing truly endures—fragility is the norm of existence.In our social activities,even time manifests only in phases.We cannot avoid the ultimate state of the surrounding things and certain relationships, including ourselves.

    In my work, I aim to focus on“Using the integrity of the process to counter the void of existence”,That is, when contemplating the limitations of existence, the subject of the thing will give meaning to existence through creation, experience and connection.During this period, a desire for confrontation inevitably arises between subject and object. It is precisely this desire that weaves and even distorts the true nature of existence.I believe this confrontation stems from resistance to perceived threats,threats that originate not only externally but also internally. One could say it is a struggle against something base and unpleasant, something that places them in a state of latent unease,like a fragile condition destined to face crisis.

    Love letter, 2025, Oil on canvas, 100 x 130 cm

    How do you stay inspired and motivated to create new work?

    My creative inspiration tends to be explosive—when ideas strike, they come in rapid succession. But during creative dry spells, I consciously avoid artistic work. I make sure to step away, trying other activities to put myself in a “hibernation” state—like taking walks outdoors or engaging with sensory-stimulating films, art books, literature, and news. After all, artistic creation genuinely requires external stimulation. Beyond that, I feel it’s important to engage with or understand social events—whether they occurred in the past or are unfolding now. By exploring these stories, certain details might resonate deeply with me. I then incorporate these feelings into my work, which I find to be a valuable experience for creating new pieces.

    Ghost, 2025, Oil on canvas, 100 x 140 cm

    What is your creative process like? Do you follow a routine or work spontaneously?

    From sourcing the imagery to sketching out the rough draft, this phase is relatively well-planned. However, I always leave room for revisions before finalizing the piece. I prefer setting aside works when they reach about 80% completion—ideally no longer than two months. During this period, I make minor adjustments to unsatisfactory elements. If left untouched too long, I lose creative momentum and may even selectively destroy some pieces, as I need to preserve the impulse and sense of unfamiliarity inherent in the creative process. Ideas often strike when I’m doing things completely unrelated to painting. At such moments, I’ll jot down keywords and rough sketches as quickly as possible. Yet after finishing daily tasks, when I revisit these hastily scribbled notes and sketches, I frequently forget the vivid imagery that once filled my mind.

    Misalignment, 2025, Oil on canvas, 80 x 100 cm

    How do your personal experiences and identity influence your art?

    I was born and raised in Shijiazhuang, a northern city in Hebei Province, China, and spent my entire student years in the neighboring cities of Jinan and Tianjin. Consequently, most of my memories are rooted in the north, where the tide of industrialization constantly made me feel the insignificance of the individual. Soaring smokestacks, sprawling factory complexes, and crisscrossing rail tracks are deeply ingrained here. The rumble of machinery and railways, along with the pungent, sour odors wafting from chemical plants, seem to narrate the unyielding industrial DNA of these cities.

    My family was no exception; we too were swept up in this tide. After my mother quit her job at the textile factory, gave birth to me and my twin brother, and then threw herself into running our family’s factory, our place in the city remained unchanged: it was always industry that underpinned our sense of belonging to this place. From childhood through my student years, this city remained a hazy gray in my memory. I can’t recall when people began painting cheap blue skies, white clouds, and green grass over factory walls and smokestacks. Even now, you can still see workers repainting layer upon layer, covering the faded, peeling “colorful landscapes” beneath.

    Reinforcing bars and concrete have become synonymous with these northern cities, and I’ve grown weary of this industrial ethos.So I attempted to shift my gaze to the natural environment, hoping to use the microcosmic natural world with a mystical tendency to create a more resilient symbol of survival. I use natural elements such as insects and bones to depict a strange and mysterious world manipulated by supernatural forces, to awaken the alienation and absurdity of the present reality, and to contemplate the brevity of life and the illusory nature of matter.much like the social individuals embodied by insects, absurdly unable to escape the repetitive tides of society. This seems like a fated inevitability, perfectly mirroring humanity’s inseparable, deep-rooted connection to the relentless currents of reality.

    Discriminating mind, 2025, Oil on canvas, 60 x 60 cm

    How do you approach exhibiting your work? What are your goals when showing your art in public spaces?

    I usually exhibit my paintings through collaborative galleries, and such spaces are often referred to as “white box” forms.Regarding current easel painting, I believe the focus should remain on the artwork itself. Therefore, I am not currently engaging in extensive discussions about whether to emphasize or downplay the spatial presence. This may be revisited when new works and fresh perspectives emerge in the future.

    When exhibiting artworks in public spaces, my core aspiration is to establish a dialogue with the audience and foster more diverse interpretations. In truth, one unavoidable issue viewers confront when engaging with artworks is that the extension of meaning remains confined to a one-way transmission to the audience. The artist then becomes the producer of the work’s “sole will,” thereby reinforcing the power dynamics of “creator-centered theory.” This guidance through visual symbols is crucial, which is why I remain vigilant against elitist artistic expression and the hegemonic trap of over-reliance on iconography for decoding symbols. Beyond pursuing spiritual recognition and fulfillment, the sale of artworks is an unavoidable practical reality. As a creator who has recently entered the art market and aspires to cultivate a long-term presence in this field, market validation of my work is an indispensable component alongside family support.

    Text & photo courtesy of Fanhua Xiao

    Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/fan_huaxiao/


  • Interview | London-Based Artist Vanessa Liem

    Interview | London-Based Artist Vanessa Liem

    Vanessa Liem (b. 2002, Singapore) is currently based in London. She received a BA from the University of the Arts London in 2025. Liem’s work has been exhibited internationally, including a solo exhibition, For The Time Being, at Cuturi Gallery and group exhibitions such as Art SG at Sands and Expo Convention Centre in Singapore and Coalesce at Copeland Gallery and Before Now, After Then at Bargehouse Gallery in London. For her work, Liem received the UOB 38th Painting of the Year Emerging Artist Gold Award and was named one of Prestige’s 40 under 40 in 2024.

    Grippers, 2023, Oil on canvas, 210 x 130 cm

    Can you tell us about your background and how you started your artistic journey?

    I was born and raised in Singapore and moved to London in 2022 to pursue an art degree. Now I’m painting full-time in a studio at Herne Hill, South London. I started my artistic journey in primary school, when I first discovered YouTube. That was my introduction to painting. I remember watching painting tutorial time-lapses at 0.5 speed, pausing every few seconds to try my best to copy what the artist was doing. My fascination with painting and art began there.

    Underground Feeders, 2025, Oil on canvas, 200 x 160 cm

    What are the main themes or concepts you explore in your work?

    My work stems from my mental health and branches out into ideas of perception, observing and being observed, power and performance. Through the interplay of the surreal and real, the figures I paint are always hyper-aware of the audience’s gaze and how their own bodies occupy a certain space. Whether they reject, embrace, are unconcerned or are simply immobilised by this gaze, I try not to pigeonhole these women into being one thing. That’s perhaps an entry point to view my work. Painting for me is a stage to navigate but also play, it becomes a space where the psychological and physical awareness of the body, mine and others, intensifies.

    The House is a Body, 2025, Oil on canvas, 200 x 160 cm

    How has your artistic style evolved over time?

    My work used to be very explicitly sci-fi inspired. I would create these shiny aliens that would inhabit other worlds. These worlds felt entirely detached from humanity, it was their own alien universe. That was during COVID-19, when I was in a very isolated headspace. But now, mywork feels more rooted in everyday life; the settings I place my figures in exist in my personal life. My childhood home, my bathroom, the park I walk through every day to my studio, elements of them come out in my work. I also see the body quite differently as I have grown older, the body to me now encompasses not just human form but also the environment it inhabits. The space around them becomes a body as well, it becomes a sentient being with emotions. That’s how I tend to approach a painting, seeing each whole painting as a soul and an extension of the self, with warmth and coldness unfolding within, in between and around body and space.

    Lightbath I, 2024, Oil on canvas, 152.5 x 122 cm

    How do you balance visual aesthetics with conceptual depth in your artworks?

    I would have a central theme that umbrellas everything. I don’t really think too much about what each painting specifically means in the beginning. I tend to go for a specific vibe or mood, and maybe two or three keywords that I associate with the piece.

    Visuals usually come first, and I let them fester in my mind for a bit, letting them grow and change how they want to. I have always believed that a specific image will demand a way to be painted, and you just gotta let it do its own thing; it’s a way of allowing my subconscious to tell me things instead of trying to control everything.

    Once the clearer image forms, specific ideas and concepts flow in and out. During the painting process, the image and concept would develop simultaneously, sometimes at different speeds but they would slowly align themselves with each other in the end. Sometimes, it could take a few days or up to many many months after a painting is finished, and then it just clicks – I finally understand what the painting, or I guess myself, is trying to tell me.

    But even so, the concepts of my work change over time. For me, a painting has multiple lives. Depending on when or what is happening in your life, you can see the same image in a whole other way, so I see a lot of my work as pretty open-ended, it doesn’t always have to end the same way it started.

    The Only Thing that Comforted Me was the Water Turning Warm, 2024, Oil on linen, 40.5 x 30 cm

    What challenges have you faced as an artist, and how have you overcome them?

    The art world can be very polarising, the process of making art versus the selling, exhibitions, networking, competition, and actually trying to make it can be quite disorientating. Especially moving to London, where everything is everywhere, everyone is always doing something, and there are millions of artists fighting to make it, everything is always moving very quickly. When you place something as intimate, slow, tedious and introspective as art making into an industry of speed, it can make you feel like you’re never doing enough, and that you’re somehow running out of time, and I’m only 23. And in my experience, this self-doubt can creep into my studio work without even me realising it. Thankfully, I have supportive people around me to snap me out of it. I am still trying to overcome this. I try to set smaller goals for myself to celebrate, like finishing a painting or bringing myself to the studio even when I don’t feel like it at all. But, really, the best thing for me is talking to the ones I love, it forces me out of my own head.

    From Blue to Yellow, From Yellow to Pink, 2024, Oil on linen, 180 x 155 cm

    Are there any new directions, collaborations, or concepts you’re excited to explore next?

    I’m currently working on my solo show set for May 2026, with Cuturi Gallery in Singapore. I’m excited to consolidate my developments over the past few years and work towards a cohesive body of work. One of the main focal points of this show is light. How different types of light can imply different things in the context of my work. For example, natural light versus artificial light, external light sources versus light illuminated from within.

    I recently went to an exhibition by Eva Helene Pade at Thaddaeus Ropac, where she mentioned how oil paint is not only a medium to render flesh but to dissipate it equally. This really resonated with me. As I grow older, experience the life I’m living, you know, see more things, feel more things, the idea of the female body for me will never stop developing and changing with different ideas of how it can be perceived through painting.

    Text & photo courtesy of Vanessa Liem

    Website: https://www.vanessaliem.art
    Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/vnesliem/


  • Interview | Changwon-Based Artist Chaeeun Mun

    Interview | Changwon-Based Artist Chaeeun Mun

    Chaeeun Mun is a South Korean artist who holds a master’s degree in Oil Painting from the China Academy of Art (CAA).

    Her work explores human relationships and inner emotions, transforming heavy and negative feelings into light, expressive forms through the motif of wind. Through her paintings, she visualizes inner emotions and negative psychological states, offering expressions that release suppressed feelings.

    She held solo exhibitions at Xi’an Museum (Xi’an, China), Bird Gallery and Aurora Museum (Shanghai, China), and Dooin Gallery (Seoul, Korea), and a duo exhibition at Moosey Art (Norwich, UK). Her work is held in the following collections:  Aurora Museum (Shanghai), Xi’an Museum (Xi’an).

    I’m not fine, 2025, Oil on canvas, 100 x 150 cm, © Bird Gallery

    Can you tell us about your background and how you started your artistic journey?

    I feel there was hardly a time in my life when I wasn’t drawing.

    Though the form has changed over the years, drawing has always been a constant companion. As a child, I loved copying characters from comics, and later I studied design and worked for over ten years as a visual designer.

    At some point, I wanted to create a new turning point in my life and decided to pursue the dream I had as a child. I began my graduate studies, and coincidentally, it was during the pandemic — a time that allowed me to fully immerse myself in painting while living in China.

    The unexpected isolation and changes in my surroundings turned out to be a period of deep introspection. Those experiences became the foundation that shaped the way I work today.

    Each One’s Hill, 2024, Oil on canvas, 180 x 150 cm

    What are the main themes or concepts you explore in your work?

    My work begins with the exploration of how suppressed emotions within human relationships can be released. In our society, efficiency and productivity are prioritized, and in that fast-paced environment, feelings such as sadness, anger, or melancholy are often considered unproductive and easily suppressed. I focus on the unconscious emotional repression hidden within the casual phrase “I’m fine.”

    The tangled hair in my paintings symbolizes the negative gazes, environments, or emotional states that burden us. It is not something to be controlled or refined; rather, it is a natural part of our existence. By embracing this “tangledness,” I aim to depict moments of emotional release and authentic self-acceptance, free from societal pressures demanding neatness and order.

    For me, the wind acts as a language of emotion, a medium through which suppressed feelings are liberated. Through painting, I explore human relationships and inner emotions, transforming heavy and negative feelings into light, expressive forms.

    I’m not fine, 2025, Oil on canvas, 150 x 130 cm

    How do your personal experiences and identity influence your art?

    Personal experience and identity form the foundation of my work.

    I visualize the flow and release of emotions through my own experiences and the East Asian identity shaped by human relationships. I’m particularly drawn to the tendency in East Asian cultures to suppress emotional expression, and I explore the quiet ways those emotions eventually find release.

    This theme became more personal through a specific experience. During a trip, I had a small argument with a close friend. On the last day, we went up a mountain observatory as planned, even though the wind was fierce and rain began to fall. The view was completely hidden by fog, and our hair was a mess from the wind. But when we saw each other’s tangled faces, we burst into laughter. The tension between us melted away, replaced by a sense of ease and relief.

    We couldn’t see the view we expected, yet that day became the most memorable part of the trip. Since then, the motif of “wind” has filled my paintings.

    I’m not fine, 2025, Oil on Canvas, 162.2 x 130.3 cm

    What role do you believe art plays in social and cultural change?

    Art provides a point of transformation in the way we think.

    It softens rigid ideas and opens up new interpretations of familiar things and emotions.
    The emotions conveyed through art are never simple — they contain multiple layers that encourage us to see the world beyond its surface and expand our capacity for empathy.

    I believe that while art may not change society immediately, it has the power to shift perspectives and emotions.

    Such changes in feeling and thought can inspire new ideas and creativity, leading to deeper understanding and acceptance within society.

    In this way, art becomes a quiet yet enduring force that helps guide the world toward greater openness and compassion.

    I’m not fine, 2025, Oil on canvas, 70 x 100 cm

    What challenges have you faced as an artist, and how have you overcome them?

    The most challenging part for me is managing time. Since I spend most of my days working alone, it’s not easy to keep a steady flow of concentration. To create a rhythm, I set my own deadlines and structure my daily routine around them. When my focus starts to fade, I use alarms — set at one-hour intervals — to divide work and rest time. Repeating cycles of focus and pause helps me stay productive and also brings new ideas to the surface.

    For me, managing time is not just about efficiency; it’s a way of refining the quality of my work and keeping inspiration alive.

    The Wind’s Wish, 2025, Oil on Canvas, 162 x 112 cm

    What do you hope people take away from your art when they experience it?

    I don’t wish for viewers to take away anything from my work. We already carry so much. I simply hope they experience a moment of letting go through my paintings.

    Text & photo courtesy of Chaeeun Mun

    Website: https://dalgrim.creatorlink.net/
    Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/mun.chaeeun/


  • Interview | Ho Chi Minh City and Chicago-based Artist Le Hien Minh

    Interview | Ho Chi Minh City and Chicago-based Artist Le Hien Minh

    Le Hien Minh is a Vietnamese artist whose work is deeply shaped by her experiences growing up in post-war Vietnam. Coming of age during the 1980s and 1990s—a period of nation-building marked by utopian dreams, political upheaval, and the harsh realities of a war-torn country—formed the foundation of her artistic vision. This grounding continues to inform her practice, which critically engages with social issues and explores alternative cultural paradigms, envisioning realities beyond existing framework of patriarchy.

    Rooted in these experiences, Le Hien Minh’s practice examines the collision point between lived reality—historical, socio-political, or cultural—and visionary, metaphysical possibility. She creates experiences where the boundaries between actuality and potentiality, the real and the imagined, remain fluid. Central to her current practice is the female experience, through which she creates contemplative yet provocative work blending mysticism, cultural investigation, and matriarchal concepts—addressing the human-made systems, both visible and invisible, that govern our world.

    Her exhibitions include the Fukuoka Asian Art Museum in Japan; the Association of Finnish Sculptors in Helsinki; Hyde Park Art Center in Chicago; the Ho Chi Minh City Museum of Fine Arts; and the Vietnam National Fine Arts Museum in Hanoi. Le Hien Minh’s work has been featured in publications such as The Brooklyn Rail, ArtAsiaPacific, Ocula Magazine, Academia, and Chicago Reader, among others. Recent fellowships and grants include awards from the Finnish Cultural Foundation, the Asian Cultural Council, the Goethe-Institut, the 3Arts Ignite Fund, and the Chicago Department of Cultural Affairs and Special Events.

    Me So Horny, 2025, Traditional Vietnamese handmade Dó paper, buffalo skull, ceramic mask, wood, natural jute fiber, and sound, Dimension variable (skull section: 60 × 38 × 28 cm), Courtesy of the artist, Photo: Laurel Hauge

    Can you tell us about your background and how you started your artistic journey?

    I was born in Hanoi, in the North of Vietnam, and grew up in Saigon, in the South, in an artistic family. My late grandfather was a revolutionary writer whose most famous works were written during the First Indochina War (1946–1954), and one of the founders of the Vietnam Writers’ Association in 1957. My mother is a renowned painter of her generation. She began painting at a very young age during the Second Indochina War (the Vietnam War, 1955–1975), continued through the nation-building era of the 1980s and 1990s, and still paints today. My late father was a linguist who worked at the Institute of Hán Nôm Studies, specializing in Hán Nôm—the pre-Latin Sino-Vietnamese written language that is now extinct.

    From a young age, I was surrounded by writers, artists, and cultural figures and it almost felt predetermined that I would become an artist or writer one day. However, my parents never pressured me to pursue art. I remember as a teenager, I actually wanted to become a lawyer. Nevertheless in 1998, I entered the Ho Chi Minh City University of Fine Arts to study traditional lacquer painting. I felt miserable during those years. In the post-war era, Vietnamese art education was dominated by Socialist Realism, taught by professors trained in the Soviet Union. There was very little room for individual expression, as socialism viewed the artist primarily as a worker serving the collective.

    Then, in 2002, I received a scholarship to the Art Academy of Cincinnati and moved to the U.S. The two years I spent there had a profound impact on me. For the first time, I was encouraged to express my own artistic vision, a practice that was highly valued in American art education but almost absent in Vietnam. It wasn’t easy to unlearn an ingrained system and to adapt a new one. The process of reconciling the two viewpoints took decades, which I now see as a unique strength. The tension between collective representation in the socialist tradition and individual expression in the American system continues to shape my art practice today.

    One Of These Days These Boots Are Gonna Walk All Over You, 2025, Traditional Vietnamese handmade Dó paper, bioplastic, thigh-high boots, wood, 100.5 × 45 × 30 cm, Courtesy of the artist, Photo: Laurel Hauge

    What are the main themes or concepts you explore in your work?

    Since 2016, I have foregrounded the female experience by drawing on matrilineal traditions, folk-goddess worship, and prehistoric Venus figures, reviving matriarchal histories for contemporary discourse. I recontextualize these symbols in relation to forces that shape the Vietnamese female experience today such as Orientalism, Ornamentalism, the Vietnam War’s legacy, pink labor, and pop-culture stereotypes. By merging historical matriarchal iconography with these contemporary cultural constructs, I create artworks that function as power objects: surreal and uncanny forms. Regardless of medium—installation, sculpture, moving image, or drawing—all of my work is grounded in the framework of what I term “a matriarchal vision.”

    Some Body to Love, 2024, Traditional Vietnamese handmade Dó paper, bioplastic, wood, 8 x 10 x 74 cm, Courtesy of the artist and Sundaram Tagore Gallery

    How do your personal experiences and identity influence your art and the medium you choose?

    The experience of growing up in war-torn Vietnam during the political and economic upheavals of the 1980s and 1990s profoundly shaped my artistic vision. This was an era of nation-building, marked by both utopian dreams and the harsh realities of a war-torn nation, in which women were mobilized as a vital force and became an essential part of rebuilding the country. Coming of age in Saigon in these decades, I was surrounded by national propaganda depicting women in various roles, from farming and factory work to serving in hospitals and fighting as soldiers. These images, prominently displayed throughout the city until early 2000s, left a lasting impression on me. I acknowledge that socialist ideals related to working-class women and collective heroism have influenced my worldview.

    At the same time, the freedom of expression and focus on individuality that I experienced in America had an indelible impact on me. Living between these two ideological systems, I live with both their differences and their similarities. This dual existence allows me to see one through the lens of the other with a clearer eye, while staying aware of their inherent biases. At times, they clash, yet they continue to coexist as inseparable parts of my lived experience. For example, in Vietnam, the older art establishment often says that my work feels “too American” or “too Western,” while here in the U.S., some audiences struggle to grasp that in my project Ornamentalism, my focus is on the Vietnamese female nail technician as a form of collective heroism, rather than on any one individual with a specific name. This unique combination of the two worldviews has fundamentally shaped both my identity and my artistic practice.

    Throughout every stage of my career and across the shifting geographies of my life, my practice remains rooted in Vietnamese cultural sources. I found an authentic connection to my heritage through my chosen medium, traditional handmade Dó paper. Its adaptability allowed for a wide spectrum of expression and has remained central to my practice ever since. Over the last decade, I have also begun incorporating a wide range of historical symbols and cultural objects into my installations, sculptures and recently moving images and drawing.

    Apocalypse Nail, 2024, Traditional Vietnamese handmade Dó paper, bioplastic, 24K gold paint, 38.5 x 115 x 15.5 cm, Courtesy of the artist and Sundaram Tagore Gallery

    Can you describe a recent project or artwork that you are particularly proud of?

    Since returning to the U.S. in 2022, my practice has entered a new phase, articulated through an unapologetic and uncensored visual language that has emerged from a new sense of freedom, free from the institutional constraints and prescriptive heritage of my homeland. My work now weaves together both Eastern and Western influences, interlacing my Vietnamese cultural roots with American contemporary culture.

    From this foundation, I’m on a path to forming my own matriarchal mythology and its visual language. Over the past three years, I’ve built an expansive body of work guided by this vision with works that radiate an aura of otherworldly power, transcending the past and present while imagining potential futures and alternate realities. I’m very excited about this ongoing body of work as it continues to unfold, and I can’t wait to see this long-term project reach its fullest articulation in the near future.

     Blessed Lady of the Nail, 2024, Traditional Vietnamese handmade Dó paper, acrylic, resin, carved wooden octagonal stand, 74 x 31.5 x 32.5 cm, Courtesy of the artist, Photo by Mia

    What challenges have you faced as an artist, and how have you overcome them?

    Until recently, many of the challenges I have faced as an artist have stemmed from the cultural and historical conditions of my upbringing. As I mentioned earlier that I was born and raised in postwar Vietnam, during a time of prolonged economic hardship and minimal institutional support for the arts. To this day, the county has no contemporary art museum and no formal contemporary art education at the university level, leaving little infrastructure for artists like me. Because of this, I have to rely on international networks for learning, resources, and professional growth.

    In the United States, where I am now based, the obstacles are different but no less complex. Asian women’s artistic contributions are consistently sidelined, leaving our presence largely invisible within dominant narratives. The art world often flattens the distinct voices of Asian female artists, collapsing nuanced identities into familiar tropes, expecting our work to embody “soft, feminine, minimal, Zen-like” aesthetics. Framed by this reductive lens, my vision of the matriarchal risks being labeled as a foreign curiosity, reduced to token markers of “otherness”.

    More broadly, my work exists within ongoing global marginalization of women’s voices under patriarchy. These forces shape how artists like me are supported or excluded. Gaining recognition has required me to push against cultural, institutional, and aesthetic constraints.

    Have I overcome these major obstacles? The first two are relatively “easy” because they’re within my control, but the last one is not. True change, addressing the global marginalization of women’s voices under systemic patriarchy, with its architectures of power and the values that uphold them, requires a broader transformation. That transformation must be driven by collective effort within the art world and beyond. What I can say is that I’m determined to keep being part of a global community of artists working consistently to challenge these systems and entrenched hierarchies. I’m also fortunate to have people in my life who support and believe in me, and that helps me keep going.

    Invisible Dragon, 2023, Traditional Vietnamese handmade Dó paper, wood, acrylic, resin, Top sculpture: 44 x 15 x 19.5 cm, Bottom sculpture: 28.5 x 11 x 43.5 cm, Courtesy of the artist, Photo: Laurel Hauge

    What do you hope people take away from your art when they experience it?

    When I create artwork, beauty is not my aim. Being pleasing to the eye is not my concern. I aim for power. I aim to confront ideas head on. The confrontational quality in my work has only intensified over time, and I’ve been working to distill ideas in such a way that even small scale objects can contain immense power. Ultimately, I see my art as a form of cultural protest and a vehicle to liberate her-story, carving out space for futures that are still unfolding. My work is grounded in the Vietnamese female experience but also channeled through a universal matriarchal lens. I like to think of my artworks as portals, where personal, collective, and ancestral memories intertwine with modern myths and social critique. I hope they encourage viewers to reflect, imagine, and envision new potential futures.

    Text & photo courtesy of Le Hien Minh

    Wesbite: https://lehienminh.com/
    Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/le_hien_minh/


  • Interview | Berlin-Based Artist Min-Jia

    Interview | Berlin-Based Artist Min-Jia

    Min-Jia (b. 2001, Ürümqi, China) is an artist and writer living in Berlin, Germany. They destabilize the myths of origin and identity through narratives of transformation. Their work samples and remixes folk and ornamental arts and their global transformations—from Orientalist kitsch to Art Nouveau to manga—to re-examine fantasies of the Other across canonical and outsider art histories.

    Min-Jia has completed a Shaanxi Huaxian shadow puppetry apprenticeship under Master Wang Tianwen and graduated from Berlin University of the Arts (UdK). They have presented a solo project at PODIUM, Hong Kong (2025), and have exhibited internationally at James Fuentes Gallery, New York (2024); Franz Kaka, Toronto (2024); Bernheim, London (2023); and X Museum, Beijing (2023). Their work is part of the Royal Bank of Canada’s collection.

    They are currently working on their first novel, ‘Mechanical Tail’.

    Mother II, 2024, Hand-carved vellum, mineral pigments, stainless steel, plexiglass, 3D printed resin, motor, hardware, with mechanical engineering by Salvador Marino, 120 x 140 x 111 cm

    Can you tell us about your background and how you started your artistic journey?

    I was born in Ürümqi, China, and spent my childhood travelling with my parents who worked overseas. When I was 8 or 9, my mom gave me a journal and I started documenting our trips. My first entry was about throwing up on the plane from Montreal to Xi’an after visiting her. The journal was her parting gift to me. Soon after, we moved to Australia, and I filled the journal with a comic about a family of cats that, just like us, go through all the trials of adapting to a new life. Even back then I was obsessed with manga like Inuyasha so I wanted to make my own manga. That might be how I started using art as a way to process and accept change. I still have this journal with me in Berlin, where I live and work now.

    Mother III, 2024-2025, Hand-carved vellum, mineral pigments, stainless steel, plexiglass, 3D printed resin, motor, hardware, with mechanical engineering by Salvador Marino, 136 x 188 x 111 cm

    What are the main themes or concepts you explore in your work?

    Migration. Adaptation. Transformation. Especially how all of this feels in the body. I see the body as this transformative site that physically changes to survive social, material, and environmental conditions. I also think about how change occurs over time, how cultures adapt and influence each other throughout history, and how the way history is told back to us reshapes our bodies.

    Mother IV, 2024 – 2025, Hand-carved vellum, mineral pigments, stainless steel, plexiglass, 3D printed resin, motor, hardware, with mechanical engineering by Salvador Marino, 80 x 100 x 113 cm

    How do your personal experiences and identity influence your art?

    My work is largely rooted in Shaanxi Huaxian shadow puppetry. I came across shadow puppetry after I was diagnosed with fibromyalgia in 2023, when I rewatched Zhang Yimou’s To Live. The film spans a tumultuous time in Chinese history—from the Sino-Japanese War to the Cultural Revolution—and follows a wealthy landlord’s son who becomes a shadow puppeteer. Watching the luminous puppets move against the backdrop of violent social upheaval, I saw my painful joints in their joints, which, backlit, resembled spinning wheels. I thought to myself, if these little puppets could survive war and revolution, then I can survive this illness. That realization led me back to Xi’an, where I apprenticed under the shadow puppet master Wang Tianwen.

    Father, 2024 – 2025, Hand-carved vellum, mineral pigments, stainless steel, plexiglass, 3D printed resin, motor, hardware, with mechanical engineering by Salvador Marino, 208 x 83.5 x 10 cm

    How do you stay inspired and motivated to create new work?

    I try to think of each work as a step, not an end goal. I still pour everything into the work, but I’m actually happiest when it doesn’t turn out the way I expected. Surprise, or unfulfilled expectation, seduces me into making something new. When I’m in a slump, I try to surround myself with art and people I admire, and I get this visceral need to reach them. Maybe my works are just love letters in disguise. Through art, I talk to people I can’t talk to (or can’t talk to enough). The feeling of continuing a conversation always gets me going.

    Exhibition view of World of Interiors, Photo by Felix SC Wong, Courtesy of PODIUM, Hong Kong

    What challenges have you faced as an artist, and how have you overcome them?

    I definitely had to wrestle with the European art canon when I moved to Germany. A teaching assistant once called my work “decorative” and “girlish” during crit, which made me insecure enough to avoid going to the studio at school. During this self-imposed art break, I started looking into Art Nouveau artists whose works were similarly “decorative,” and I was riddled with questions like: why do I find Klimt’s style so juicy but his subject matter so flavourless? Do I only like Beardsley because his drawings resemble my favourite yaoi? Am I supposed to disapprove of these artists for being culture-appropriating orientalists, or can I also feel a kinship with them?

    All of this led me to think more critically about authenticity, appropriation, and the history of ornamental arts, which has been around as long as any art history but is relegated to craft, a.k.a. labour of the feminine and colonized, and complicated by global capitalism. So yes, I thank my German art school for bullying me into searching for answers in the legacies of a few European art daddies, until I realized that there is no answer. What I emerged with was an understanding of why I was searching in the first place: I want to trace my artistic lineage, so I’m learning to see art history less as a set of fixed traditions and more like a forest of cross-pollinating family trees. That is still my ongoing project. 

    Exhibition view of World of Interiors, Photo by Felix SC Wong, Courtesy of PODIUM, Hong Kong

    What do you hope people take away from your art when they experience it?

    More people need to know about shadow puppetry! It’s such a versatile, multi-layered art form. By telling the story of Shaanxi Huaxian shadow puppetry alongside my own story, I hope people can connect with it not just as “cultural heritage,” but as a living medium with real power for self-reflection and change.

    Text & images courtesy of Min-Jia

    Website: https://minjia.parts/Min-Jia
    Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/provessel/